Now our country is experiencing the peak national identity, and compatriots proudly emphasize their belonging to the Ukrainian nation. But the question “What does it mean to be Ukrainian?” may respond, not everyone. In fact, each nation, in addition to the General history, has its own DNA — a unique code that is hidden in the most simple and seemingly clear — mascots, fairy tales, songs. This time we talked with experts in musical Ethnography of the Ukrainian folk instruments.
“Musical instrument is the expression of a whole nation, — said the Director of the Museum of the history of musical instruments BarabanZA Denis Vasiliev. — The secret of the nation — the disclosure of her soul through musical instruments specific to a particular region. For example, the old Cossack signal tool tulumbas their sounds set outdoor men’s code of courage, calling for unity. Tulumbas is the symbol of the will of the people. By the way, two of the tulumbas and are present on the coat of arms of the Zaporozhye region, and this is the coat of arms with the image of a musical instrument.
Wheel lyre tuned or funny, or sad mood, and played it musicians, philosophers who traveled around the country. When the musicians appeared in the village, stopped all the work: they were fed, watered and sat down to listen carefully. The same happened with the kobza and the bandura, kobza although “could dance to”, as people used to say. But, in any case, this semantic tools played an important role in the development of our nation. Drymba is actually the soul of the people, so dubbed it for centuries by our ancestors. When you play on it you shut your mouth, shut off the mind and begin to play heart. But “the Ukrainian” instrument — the panpipe (calf). Her sound is unmistakably possible to determine belonging to Ukraine”.
“A big role in the lives of our ancestors played the rituals and ceremonies that were very important not only the sequence of actions, but also music, — says the Director of the Museum of the history of musical instruments BarabanZA Denis Vasiliev. For example, an ordinary bell, which hung the cows, so they do not get lost, sang and magical goal: it was thought that the sound drives away evil spirits.
Derkach (also known as chopper) — homoopathie tool, which was applied solar signs. It was used in rituals on Shrove Tuesday, it touted the spring. And the sounds of the trembita, I assure people, you can hear even on the other side of life… Drymba (applies to self-sounding musical instruments) has always been a magical instrument it was used in various plots, for example, diseases. A lot of the senses is also in percussion. He is the center of the universe. And blows in his center born rhythm companion of all living things. This sacred tool, in different versions, is almost all Nations.
In General, our nation is very practical, and it confirms the origin of musical instruments. For example, people gathered at a feast, drank, ate, and then began to sing. The rhythm of the songs passed through all that was at hand — empty dishes, spoons, glechik… So, in particular, people invented musical instruments”.
MEANING: HORN — FOR MONEY, AND TREMBITA — ALARM
70-year-old Lviv historian-ethnographer Lubomir Kaslik — owner of Ukraine’s largest private collection of folk musical instruments. She has over 700 tools that man has been collecting for over 25 years! “It was my childhood dream, says ethnomusicology. Music was with me since childhood: his father sang in the choir and I was in almost all his speeches. I graduated from music College and Conservatory, and left to work as head of the folklore research laboratory.
One of sources of replenishment of the collection of the ethnographic expedition. But productive and regular trips to fairs and flea markets. Interacting with the locals, it is sometimes possible to trace unique tools. One of these treasures — rare antique horn tour. It’s my pride! Tours there almost 400 years, and their horns are still working. We really underestimate people’s psychology ancient times. Ancestors are not just played on some things, making sounds. They had a magical understanding of things.
In the ancient world the horn — a symbol of prosperity. Ukraine is also operated. So when sang carols, wished happiness and prosperity not only carols but also a symbol of wealth — horn. Trembita is the prototype of the modern sms! In the Carpathian mountain villages to visit each other often, you won’t go far. Because the sounds of the trembita, the inhabitants of remote villages to share information: one motive is invited for the holidays, another warned about the dangers of the forest thieves and predators. Even the cattle that were out on pasture, at a certain tune that I need to go home now.”
Lubomir Kushlik. A collection of tools collected 25 years
Search. Many of the tools Lyubomir finds at flea markets
NUTRIENTES: TELEKI IN THE WEST AND FLUTE IN THE EAST
Ethnomusicology club and Museum BarabanZA, uniting fans of drums and other ethnic musical instruments, have created the Denis and Natalia Vasiliev. “In our funds — more than 500 exhibits, — says Natalya Vasilyeva. — It all started with a gift: a friend presented us with a fragment of the drumsticks of the period of the Napoleonic wars of 1812, bought at a European auction. This artifact gave impetus to the collection collection.
The most technologically sophisticated artifact that we have is a hurdy-gurdy, made by the modern master according to ancient drawings. There is a unique tulumbasy Zaporozhian grassroots who “posed” in the creation of the coat of arms of the Zaporozhye region. There is a unique trembita created by the Carpathian wizard: her magic is that when it is played outdoors, in an hour or two is bound to rain, sun whatever the weather may be. Checked, not once!”
SOUNDS MAMMOTH. “First the oldest musical instrument in Ukraine was found at the end of the XIX century on the territory of the complex Mitinskoe Parking in the area of today’s Chernihiv oblast, — says Denis Vasiliev. It was lition of the fossilized bones of a mammoth, from which later made up and even recorded an album with the sounds which it emits. Then was the Scythian drums, harp, bone and wooden flutes… Actually, depending on the conditions in which people live and what available materials are available to them, were created by different musical instruments in different corners of the earth. The tools were applied to different characters. For example, all the Ukrainian dulcimer is equipped with solar symbols that convey a Sunny, bright mood — this tool rarely emits a sad melody. Easter eggs (similar to maracas) supplied with religious symbols and were used in ceremonial actions.
Tools like bright markers that can characterize the entire in the different regions. Trembita and Teleki — representatives of the Carpathians. Moving to the center of Ukraine, it becomes more strings: hurdy-gurdy, bandura. In the center of the added drums, panpipe and other stringed and plucked instruments, and even plates and spoons. Ancient sites in the East and South of Ukraine confirmed that there was the first clay and bone flutes. But the Scythians and Sarmatians played tambourine, harp and steppe-type tools of topscore”.
Denis Vasiliev. The ethnic musician
Exposure. While the Museum has no space, it works as show
ARSENAL: MORE THAN 50 NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS
In the Arsenal of the National academic orchestra of folk instruments of Ukraine
more than 50 musical instruments. There is the most famous, and very rare. There is even a regular braid! The fact that sometimes household tools were also used as musical instruments. Because the orchestra gathered as all the tools that are prevalent in people but first of all, bandura, dulcimer, kobza, violin and wind instruments. This set of tools has not one professional team in the world!
The orchestra was created in 1969, his repertoire includes more than 2,000 works. Interestingly, all the musicians are young-the average age is 32 years. And everyone in the orchestra owns the game on multiple instruments.
“Some instruments orchestra for several decades, says one of the members of the orchestra Andrew Boychuk. For example, cymbals and Pandora we have a very old. What we buy abroad, but sometimes our musicians are doing or altered musical instruments. For example, we have a guy who made electrocosta! It’s actually a unique case, because the musician has made it his drawings. All tools require careful maintenance — at least they should keep clean. The most difficult instrument in the orchestra is the cimbalom. They weigh about 100 pounds. It is the progenitor of the piano, and to give a deep full sound, it has a big resonator box. Why so heavy”.
Pride. National academic orchestra of folk instruments exist for 48 years, during this time, gave more than 2500 concerts around the world
